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Saturday, May 19, 2018

THE CONTINUING STORY OF BUNGALOW BILL AND ITS INCREDIBLE RECORDING PROCESS.





Just before The Beatles started work in the studio for their next album, which became known as the "White Album," the four of them met at George's "Kinfauns" home in Esher, Surrey, on May 28th and 29th, 1968, to record demos of the songs they had written on an Ampex four-track machine.  "Bungalow Bill" was demoed on the first day, May 28th, with John obviously taking the lead.

This demo consisted of John playing acoustic guitar and singing lead vocals which he then double-tracked while the rest of the group sang along on the choruses, clapped, played bongos, and even provided animal noises during the second verse. The song was completely written by this point, so all the lyrics and chord changes were in place as on the released version with only a couple noticeable differences. The fourth measure of each chorus has one less beat per measure which makes the flow of the song sound a little awkward and actually trips up the vocalists during the last chorus because of the appearance of someone's clapping to the strange time signature. It's also unusual for the listener to hear John himself sing Yoko's vocal contribution “Not when he looked so fierce.” The song then falls apart at the end with John repeating random variations of the song's title, such as “What did you kill, Bill...What did Bungalow Bill Kill?”

Over four months later, on October 8th, 1968, The Beatles filed into EMI Studio Two at around 4 pm for a marathon recording session for the “White Album.” Since the deadline for the completed album was near, this 16-hour session was desperately needed, the return of the vacationing George Martin making sure the group was up for the task.

After some overdubbing on George Harrison's previously recorded song “Long, Long, Long” was complete, the rest of the session was devoted to fully record two John Lennon songs that they hadn't tackled yet, namely “I'm So Tired” and “The Continuing Story Of Bungalow Bill.” John took the lead in whipping the group into shape, as described in Mark Lewisohn's book “The Beatles Recording Sessions”: “Although there were times when John too might spend days or weeks on just one song, he was still prone to making his songs instant. Session tapes at Abbey Road largely reveal Lennon as a man in a hurry, 'Quick, quick, the red light's on, let's go, let's make a record!'”

At approximately 4 am the following morning, attention turned to “Bungalow Bill.” Three takes of the rhythm track were recorded first, which comprised both John and George on acoustic guitars, Paul on his Rickenbacker bass and Ringo on drums. After they determined that the third take was the best, undoubtedly because they saw how late the time was, they commenced adding overdubs, which included John's lead vocals along with backing vocals by Paul, George, Ringo (who was noticeably high in the mix), Yoko Ono, Ringo's wife Maureen Starkey, and others. “Everyone who was in the vicinity of the studio joined in,” remembers producer Chris Thomas, adding “That night was really fast going.” Yoko was even sequestered by John to sing lead vocal on one line in the third verse as well as harmony on the last lyrical phrase of the verse, the first (and only) female lead vocal on a Beatles song. The assembled group of vocalists also clapped hands and whistled during the proceedings. At the song's conclusion, the crowd shows its approval of the finished product by applauding until John yells out “Eh-up!” in a north of England accent, as a signal to bring in the following song on the finished album, namely “While My Guitar Gently Weeps.”

Other overdubs included John on organ, Paul on a second bass guitar (heard at the end of the third verse), Ringo on tambourine and Chris Thomas on Mellotron. “I played a mandolin-type mellotron bit in the verses and the trombone-type bit in the choruses,” Chris Thomas explains, this trombone setting being heard prominently in the last minute of the song.

One interesting question that a lot of Beatles fans wonder about concerning this song is this: Who plays the fantastic Spanish classical guitar introduction? Engineer Geoff Emerick, in his book “Here, There And Everywhere,” answers this question while he's describing the Mellotron. “It was a revolutionary idea for its time; each key triggered a tape loop of a real instrument playing the equivalent note. There were three sets of tape loops installed, so you could have flutes, strings, or choir at the touch of a button. Some of the keys were even set up to trigger complete prerecorded rhythm sections or musical phrases instead of single notes: Lennon took great delight at hitting the lowest note, which played a corny brassy introduction, followed by an even cornier Jimmy Durante-style 'Yeah!' at the end. Another key triggered a couple of measures of flamenco guitar, which John later made famous when he used it to introduce his song 'The Continuing Story Of Bungalow Bill' on the 'White Album.'”

The “corny brassy introduction” Geoff Emerick mentioned above actually did get included on the master tape for their instrumental piece “Flying” from the “Magical Mystery Tour” project, although removed out of the mix for the released version. However, since the Mellotron was there in the studio on this day, John thought to repeat this trick, pressing the Spanish guitar key on the Mellotron instead and appears on the beginning of take three. The identity of the actual musician who recorded this performance for the Mellotron has never surfaced. Maybe someday we'll find out. (Watch this short youtube video as a sample how a keyboard really can sound like a Spanish Guitar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=udk7SLdgSmI

At any rate, “Bungalow Bill” was complete by the end of the session on this day, which didn't conclude until 8 am the following morning. With only two more songs to record, the “White Album” was nearly complete at this stage.

Both the stereo and mono mixes of “Bungalow Bill” were created in the control room of EMI Studio Two the following day (actually, later that day), October 9th, 1968, by the engineering team of George Martin, Ken Scott, and John Smith. The mono mix has a millisecond more space after John's “Eh-up!” before the song abruptly jumps into “While My Guitar Gently Weeps.”

"Bungalow Bill" has a very simple structure, namely, 'chorus/ verse/ chorus/ verse/ chorus/ verse/ chorus/ chorus/ chorus/ chorus/ chorus' (or abababaaaaa).  Eight choruses sound like a lot but, given the humor and frivolity of the song, most fans would probably agree that it comes across as fun and not tedious.

After the excellently played Spanish guitar introduction mentioned above, we enter directly into the first chorus with all voices singing in unison. Full instrumentation is heard right from the downbeat of the first measure, this including both John and George on acoustic guitars, Paul on bass and Ringo on drums. Paul plays a flamboyant pattern on bass with sweeping notes between most chord changes. Ringo's overdubbed tambourine is also present right from the beginning, being hit on the two and four beat of every measure. Incidentally, this chorus is eight measures long and is in 4/4 time except for measure four which is in 2/4 time. The last measure displays a low toned extraneous voice in between the second and third beat, while Ringo puts in a quick drum fill.

The tempo slows dramatically for the first verse which follows next. All verses are eight measures long with all measures in a slowed 4/4 time except for measure six which is in 2/4 and measure eight which is in 3/4. John's vocal runs solo in this verse, single-tracked until the final phrase in measures five through seven which is double-tracked. Both acoustic guitars are still present as well as simple bass playing and subdued drum work. Chris Thomas plays the Mellotron on a mandolin setting throughout this verse, changing each single key with every chord change, which creates a suitable spooky feel as the details of the story unfold. Some tambourine shaking from Ringo appears in the second measure also. All instrumentation disappears in the seventh measure on the word "son" except for the Mellotron mandolin which hangs in the air in the background.  The eighth measure consists of Ringo playing three drum beats to set the tempo for the chorus that follows while John sings in what sounds like an Indian accent "All dee children sing..."

The second chorus flows identical to the first except that the tambourine doesn't come in until the fifth measure. The second verse then appears which is also instrumentally identical to the first except there being no trace of tambourine this time around. This is followed by another chorus, this time with the tambourine all the way through, even playing on the third beat of the final measure this time. Ringo seems to falter on the drums a little this time around, playing what sounds like a quick drum fill in the third measure, which is a somewhat unusual place for one. It still sounds cool though.

The third verse then appears which has some noticeable differences, the most obvious being Yoko's solo vocal line "not when he looked so fierce" in the third measure and her unison singing with John "if looks could kill it would've been us instead of him" in the fifth through seventh measures.  Paul's overdubbed second bass is heard in the fifth through seventh measures as well.  John's overdubbed organ is detectable in this verse, especially in the eighth measure where he does a thumb roll up the keyboard.  John ditches the Indian accent for this third and final "All the children sing..." line in the eighth measure.

Then comes a total of five choruses in a row which round the song out to its conclusion. One thing that should be noted about the first four choruses is that the eighth measure is in 2/4 time just like the fourth measure to create proper symmetry for the back-to-back repetition of the choruses. The first three of these choruses have all of the elements of the choruses heard so far in the song. However, the tambourine starts playing a double-time shaking rhythm in the fourth measure of the first chorus, this remaining this way until the very end of the fourth chorus.

Chris Thomas comes in with the Mellotron on the trombone setting in the second of these choruses playing a single-note replica of the melody line everyone else is singing, this Mellotron lasting until the very end of the song. Ringo skips along nicely and, from time to time, adds a little off-kilter accent or drum fill to flavor the fun of the proceedings. Some extraneous voices are heard from time to time to accentuate the fun atmosphere of the song, such as in the eighth measure of the first of these choruses.

The fourth of these final choruses add a group of whistlers to the mix, and try to harmonize but frequently fall out of tune. While the full instrumentation continues into the fourth of these choruses, it all falls apart in the seventh measure when Ringo stops playing the drums and his overdubbed tambourine switches to just the even-numbered beats again. As the whistling continues into the first two measures of the fifth and final chorus, the group of vocalists breaks into a full chorus of applause while John tinkers a little on acoustic guitar and Chris Thomas continues to play the melody line on the Mellotron/trombone in a somewhat accelerated tempo. The final notes of the Mellotron are interrupted by John's cry "Eh-up!" which signals the sudden end of the song.

“The song showed The Beatles far removed from the days of 'Sgt. Pepper,' with a slap-happy, slapdash recording, preserving imperfections in an effort to capture the right atmosphere.” This quote from Mark Lewisohn's book “The Beatles Recording Sessions” describes “The Continuing Story Of Bungalow Bill” perfectly. Undoubtedly, this extremely late-night session set the perfect flippant tone for recording a lighthearted track such as this. The Beatles may not have been at the top of their game as musicians on this track, but all seemed to have had a lot of fun doing it, which is the most important thing in this case. We can just imagine them all stumbling out of the studio as the sun was rising, going to a nightclub or maybe off to get some needed sleep.

Stop by my blog next week and discover the intricate details showcased upon WHILE MY GUITAR GENTLY WEEPS.

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